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AS

Aortic stenosis

Aortic stenosis is characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve opening, which restricts blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta. The increased resistance causes the left ventricle to work harder, potentially leading to hypertrophy and heart failure. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and syncope. The condition is often caused by age-related calcification, congenital valve defects, or rheumatic fever. Severe cases may require valve replacement via surgical or transcatheter methods.