AD

Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects memory, cognition, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia, especially in older adults. Alzheimer’s is characterized by the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, leading to neuronal damage and brain atrophy over time.

Early symptoms often include memory lapses, such as forgetting recent events or conversations, but as the disease progresses, individuals may experience significant cognitive decline, confusion, language difficulties, and loss of independence in daily activities. Advanced stages can lead to severe disorientation, mood changes, and even inability to recognize loved ones.

Though there is no cure, treatments such as cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil) and NMDA receptor antagonists (e.g., memantine) can help manage symptoms. Research into new therapies, including targeting amyloid and tau proteins, continues, with a focus on early diagnosis and slowing disease progression.